tin whiskers

Tin whiskers are typically only a few millimeters (mm) long, but some grow to lengths of more than 10 mm. Tin whiskers can cause two serious problems in electronic assemblies: they can cause electrical shorts and they can break loose from their substrate and cause mechanical damage. A lack of industry understanding about tin whisker growth factors and a lack of testing methodology to identify whisker-prone products has made pure tin interconnections and plating risky for high reliability systems, such as satellites. However, it is generally thought that the market demand for environmentally friendly components will eventually outweigh the potential for tin whisker component failure. Other metals that may grow whiskers include zinc, cadmium, indium, and antimony.

First reported in the 1940s, tin whiskers have caused problems with pacemakers, electronic devices, missiles, satellites, nuclear power plants and space shuttles. According to some estimates, tin whiskers have been responsible for $10 billion in damages since their discovery.

Read more about tin whiskers: - Members of the Capacitor and Resistor Technology Symposium examined the potential role of tin whiskers in component failure. - NASA reports that at least three orbiting commercial satellites have failed because of tin whisker problems. - Technology Review explores the issues surrounding tin whiskers. - The IPC explains the causes and prevention of tin whiskers.

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